Exposure – Delivery Compromise and Network Sniffing

Risk Scenario

An attacker uses the postal service or other mail carrier to deliver a package containing a device which connects to wireless networks and sends traffic data back to the attacker (e.g., an attacker sends a fake package through UPS that appears to be from Amazon but contains a sniffing device with WiFi capabilities).

Risk Description

This type of attack is often referred to as a “mail-based attack” or “hardware-based attack” and involves an attacker sending a physical device to a target, which then connects to local wireless networks and transmits data back to the attacker. Here’s a detailed breakdown of this attack and possible mitigation strategies:

Category

Incidents – Breach, Compromise, User Access Modification

Treatment

Mitigate

Attack Methodology

1. Delivery of Malicious Device: The attacker sends a package, often disguised to look legitimate (e.g., from a trusted company like Amazon), which contains a malicious device.
2. Device Activation: Once the package is delivered, the device inside powers on automatically, using internal batteries or power from a connected source.
3. Network Connection: The device scans for and connects to available wireless networks in the vicinity.
4. Data Capture and Transmission: The device captures network traffic, sensitive information, or exploits vulnerabilities in nearby devices, sending this data back to the attacker over the internet.

Examples of Malicious Devices

• Raspberry Pi with WiFi Adapter: A small computer that can be configured to capture and transmit network data.
• WiFi Pineapple: A device specifically designed for network auditing and penetration testing, but which can be used maliciously.
• ESP8266/ESP32 Microcontrollers: Small, inexpensive WiFi-enabled microcontrollers capable of running scripts to capture and transmit data.

Mitigation Strategies

1. Physical Security Measures:
   • Screen Packages: Inspect all incoming packages for tampering or suspicious components before allowing them into secure areas.
   • X-ray Scanning: Use X-ray scanners to detect hidden electronic components within packages.
2. Network Security Measures:
   • Network Monitoring: Continuously monitor wireless networks for any unauthorized devices or unusual traffic patterns.
   • Network Segmentation: Segment networks to limit access to sensitive data and systems, ensuring that only authorized devices can connect.
3. Endpoint Security:
   • Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS): Deploy IDS to detect unusual network activities that may indicate the presence of a malicious device.
   • Device Whitelisting: Implement device whitelisting to ensure only approved devices can connect to the network.
4. Employee Training and Awareness:
   • Educate Employees: Train employees to recognize suspicious packages and report them to security personnel.
   • Security Protocols: Establish and enforce protocols for handling unexpected deliveries and unknown devices.
5. Regular Audits and Penetration Testing:
   • Conduct Audits: Regularly audit wireless networks and physical security measures to identify and mitigate potential vulnerabilities.
   • Penetration Testing: Simulate attacks to test the effectiveness of security measures and improve incident response procedures.

By implementing these strategies, organizations can better protect themselves from mail-based attacks that leverage malicious devices to compromise network security.